@techreport{oai:ir.ide.go.jp:00050728,
 author = {Meng, Bo and Xiao, Hao and Ye, Jiabai and Li, Shantong},
 month = {Feb},
 note = {application/pdf, IDP000736_001, Are global value chains (GVCs) truly global or are they more of a regional p henomenon? Opinions concerning this issue are widely divergent in the literature. This p aper provides new perspectives on GVCs using network analysis based on the concept of trade in value-added. By using a multiregional input-output model, we first show that GVC activities can be consistently identified at the country, sector, and bilateral levels  according to the number of times that factor contents cross national borders in global p roduction sharing. This allows us to group trade-related, value-added creation activities into three networks, including traditional trade, simple GVC trade, and complex GVC trade networks. Further, we use network analysis tools based on the Asian Development Bank’s Multiregional Input-Output Tables covering 62 economies and 35 sectors between  2000 and 2017 to investigate changes in the topology and structure of different types of G VC networks. Our results show that the characteristics of GVCs largely depend on the viewpoint of the participating country (as a supplier or demander), the type of trade, and the aggregate level of trade in the corresponding networks.},
 title = {Are global value chains truly global? a new perspective based on the measure of trade in value-added},
 year = {2019}
}