@techreport{oai:ir.ide.go.jp:00050453,
 author = {Hamanaka, Shintaro and Jusoh, Sufian},
 month = {Jul},
 note = {application/pdf, IDP000722_001, There is no doubt that existing studies on Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRAs) are  mostly based on the European experience. In this paper, we will introduce the ongoing attempt in ASEAN to establish very unique MRAs, using professional service qualifications, engineering qualifications in particular, as a case study. Several ASEAN  professional service qualification MRAs employ “hub-and spoke” model, wherein neither the hub (regional mechanism) nor spokes (national authorities) become powerful over the other. The hub-and-spoke model has features of both harmonization  of professional qualifications led by regional mechanisms along with the recognition of partner countries’ qualifications granted by national authorities. Why does ASEAN need a unique MRA governance that has feature of both harmonization and mutual   recognition? We will answer this question from multi-disciplinary angles.},
 title = {Understanding the ASEAN way of regional qualification governance : the case of service mutual recognition agreements},
 year = {2018}
}