@techreport{oai:ir.ide.go.jp:00038046,
 author = {Kumagai, Satoru},
 month = {Oct},
 note = {application/pdf, IDP000121_001, Researchers have long believed the concept of "excitement" in games to be subjective and difficult to measure. This paper presents the development of a mathematically computable index that measures this concept from the viewpoint of an audience. One of the key aspects of the index is the differential of the probability of "winning" before and after one specific "play" in a given game. If the probability of winning becomes very positive or negative by that play, then the audience will feel the game to be "exciting." The index makes a large contribution to the study of games and enables researchers to compare and analyze the "excitement" of various games. It may be applied to many fields especially the area of welfare economics, ranging from allocative efficiency to axioms of justice and equity.},
 title = {A Mathematical Representation of "Excitement" in Games from the Viewpoint of a Neutral Audience},
 year = {2007}
}