@techreport{oai:ir.ide.go.jp:00037975,
 author = {Hazama, Yasushi},
 month = {Jan},
 note = {application/pdf, IDP000192_001, This paper reviews the literature on the prevalence of constitutional review across
the world, and particularly in emerging democracies, during the last two decades.
Two major questions should be addressed in this regard. First, why has the
judiciary been empowered and what factors affect judicial activism? Second, does
constitutional review ensure an effective self-enforcing function? In sum, the
literature shows that constitutional review can make democracy self-enforcing if
there is sufficient competition among political parties or between the legislature
and the executive branch of government. In a more sophisticated case, political
balance within the court can also ensure the observance of court decisions.},
 title = {Constitutional Review and Democratic Consolidation: A Literature Review},
 year = {2009}
}